Primate Monocytes - CD14, CD16 - Ziegler-Heitbrock

Four weeks of spice consumption lowers plasma proinflammatory cytokines and alters the function of monocytes in adults at risk for cardiometabolic disease: secondary outcome analysis in a three-period, randomized, crossover, controlled feeding trial.

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Numerous studies demonstrate acute anti-inflammatory properties of individual spices, but none have examined the effect of longer-term consumption of a spice blend incorporated in a meal. OBJECTIVE: We investigated the effect of longer-term spice consumption on inflammatory cytokines and monocyte subsets [classical (CM), intermediate (IM), non-classical (NCM)] in adults at risk for cardiometabolic disease. DESIGN: A three-period, randomized, crossover, controlled-feeding trial was conducted. Participants (n = 71 recruited; n = 63 completed) randomly consumed diets differing in quantity of spices: 0.547 g (Low-dose spice diet; LSD), 3.285 g (Medium-dose spice diet; MSD), or 6.571 g (High-dose spice diet; HSD)/d/2100 kcal for 4 weeks with a >= 2-week of washout between diets. At baseline and after each diet period, proinflammatory cytokines [interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha] in plasma and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cell culture supernatants, and the phenotype and function of monocyte subsets were measured in fasted participants. Postprandial proinflammatory cytokines also were quantified at baseline and after each diet period following consumption of a test meal containing a similar amount of spice consumed during the 4-week diet period. RESULTS: Fasting plasma IL-6 was reduced (-118.26 +- 50.63 fg/mL; P < 0.05) following MSD compared to baseline. Postprandial plasma IL-1beta, IL-8, and TNF-alpha were lower (-9.47 +- 2.70 fg/mL, -0.20 +- 0.05 pg/mL, and -33.28 +- 12.35 fg/mL, respectively) following MSD compared with LSD (main diet effect; P < 0.05). CM adherence was reduced (-0.86 +- 0.34; P = 0.034) following HSD compared with LSD. IM migration was reduced (-0.39 +- 0.09 and -0.56 +- 0.14; P < 0.05) following MSD and HSD compared with LSD. CONCLUSIONS: Four weeks of MSD consumption reduced fasting plasma IL-6, postprandial plasma IL-1beta, IL-8, and TNF-alpha and altered monocyte function.Clinical Trial Registry Number / Website: NCT03064932 / ClinicalTrials.gov.